Series · 3 articles

Orders of Cybernetics

First, second and third order: from observed systems, to observing systems, to what comes after the observer.

First-Order Cybernetics

The cybernetics of observed systems: feedback, homeostasis, variety, and the engineering of control.

The cybernetics of observing systems. What changes when the observer is included in the description?

A contested and still-forming idea. Four proposals for what comes after the observer, and what they have in common.

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